Is penn foster accredited in pennsylvania

Is penn foster accredited in pennsylvania

The Penn Foster High School curriculum was designed to meet minimum standard requirements of the Pennsylvania State Board of Private Licensed Schools, which does not require AP courses. ... you will receive a nationally and regionally accredited diploma. Penn Foster High School is regionally accredited for grades 9 through adult by the ...Answers to the questions on Penn Foster exams are not available online. This is to prevent students from cheating. Penn Foster provides a list of test-taking tips at PennFoster.edu...Accreditation & Affiliations; Academics; Military Benefits; Our Faculty; Student Life Blog; Frequently Asked Questions; For Organizations; All Programs; 1-800-471-3232 (10AM - 6:30PM ET) ... In Penn Foster’s Home Health Aide classes, you will learn the duties of a home health aide, as well as the different skills required to work in a home ...Accreditation & Affiliations; Academics; Military Benefits; Our Faculty; Student Life Blog; Frequently Asked Questions; For Organizations; All Programs; 1-800-275-4410 (10AM - 6:30PM ET) ... Penn Foster’s skilled trades training programs help students prepare for the next step in their career path. These programs have helped recent … We're here to help. Call 1-800-275-4410 (10AM - 6:30PM ET) *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. From online degree programs and professional certification courses to our high school diploma program, start your education here. Electronic Medical Records Training Tuition. The total cost of your online Electronic Medical Records Training is a one-time payment of $399 which covers the cost of your studies and any digital textbooks or study materials included in your certificate. Pay in full. Cost of Program. $399.Gunsmith. AVG SALARY*. $43,010/yr. NUMBER OF JOBS*. 172,697. Our online Gunsmith Career Diploma program is designed by experts in the industry to help students prepare for a job in the field. You'll learn how to become a gunsmith, as well as learn skills essential to success in the role such as gun safety. State Licensing Requirements.Better Business Bureau offers accreditation to businesses meeting its standards. Read how to become BBB accredited, with unbiased answers to your questions. * Required Field Your N...Business Management. Learn business fundamentals to take the next steps toward a new career with our online Business Management Associate Degree. Associate Degree 5 months As low as $59/mo. Bookkeeping. Prepare for a career in bookkeeping by learning bookkeeping basics and how to use QuickBooks to create …If you are wondering whether you can get a home loan in Pennsylvania, you have several options. First, you may qualify for a conventional loan from a bank if you have good credit, ...In Penn Foster's online Locksmith and Home Security Tech Training Program, you'll learn the skills and knowledge essential to prepare for an entry-level job through interactive animations, simulations, and videos. The program is self-paced, meaning you can learn on your own schedule from home. Your online courses include: We're here to help. Call 1-800-275-4410 (10AM - 6:30PM ET) *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. From online degree programs and professional certification courses to our high school diploma program, start your education here. Electronic Medical Records Training Tuition. The total cost of your online Electronic Medical Records Training is a one-time payment of $399 which covers the cost of your studies and any digital textbooks or study materials included in your certificate. Pay in full. Cost of Program. $399. Penn Foster’s Sterile Processing Technician Career Diploma can help prepare you for the first step in your healthcare career. This program has helped recent graduates find new jobs while learning at their own pace. Learn more about Penn Foster graduates' experiences and how Penn Foster worked for them. View Student Success Stories. Take the first step toward your new veterinary technician career by enrolling in Penn Foster's online Vet Tech Program. Simply choose from one of our customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay semester in full. Save up to $400 Ends 3/26/2024. First Semester.We're here to help. Call 1-800-471-3232 (9AM - 9PM ET) Full Program Overview. Request Info Enroll Now. The Event Planning Degree online from Penn Foster gives students the knowledge & skills to organize a variety of events & contract with clients & vendors.6 min read. Jump to. Penn Foster is a flexible online school that offers programs in high school, career school, and college. With no enrollment deadline and self-paced courses, students can start when they’re ready and finish their studies on the schedule that works for them. If you’re considering finishing or furthering your education …Cost of Program. $899. $1,089 Save $190. or. $59/month, Start for as low as $20. 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) Read Video Transcript. Video Transcript. At Penn Foster our goal is to provide you with an online student experience that opens the door to career success and opportunity. Penn Foster's Vet Tech Program is accredited through AVMA-CVTEA, which includes the Veterinary Technology Bachelor of Science portion. This program is specifically designed for students who have already earned an AVMA-accredited associate degree. Employment for veterinary technologists is in high demand. Penn Foster is a trusted partner of some ... Yes! Besides being founded in 1890 and earning a respected reputation, Penn Foster’s three schools — high school, college, and career — all have accreditation and are evaluated regularly to ensure courses meet the standards of each board. Some programs have industry-specific accreditation, as well. Here’s what accreditation each school ...Electronic Medical Records Training Tuition. The total cost of your online Electronic Medical Records Training is a one-time payment of $399 which covers the cost of your studies and any digital textbooks or study materials included in your certificate. Pay in full. Cost of Program. $399.The Dog Obedience Training Program at Penn Foster includes an introduction to dog sensory abilities, dog social behavior and communication, housetraining, crate training, and more. Your courses include: How Dogs Learn. Behavior Analysis. House Training and Crate Training. Dog Breed Selection.Bookkeeping Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online Bookkeeping Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program. $799. $989 Save $190. Best price.With Penn Foster's online Pharmacy Technician Diploma, you'll learn essential skills around your schedule and gain hands-on experience through a required externship. Fully accredited through ASHP/ACPE. ASHP/ACPE-accredited pharmacy technician training is now required or strongly encouraged by several state Boards of Pharmacy.The Pharmacy Technician program is modeled against ASHP standards and requirements and has received candidate status for American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)/Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) accreditation. This accreditation is the national standard for pharmacy technician training programs.Call 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. Find all consumer information about Penn Foster here including our address, accreditation, state approvals, our mission, contact information and more.Small Engine Repair Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online Small Engine Repair Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program.We're here to help. Call 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. View the affordable tuition and payment options at Penn Foster, including 0% interest and special offers, for all degrees, career diplomas, certificates.Our courses allow you to learn online and around your schedule for an affordable price. Looking for Common Core or registered courses with NCAA? See more options by visiting James Madison High School, a Penn Foster partner school. Call 1 …Penn Foster's health care management online A.S. degree is nationally accredited through DEAC. Courses can help prepare you to sit for industry-recognized certification exams. Penn Foster is a trusted partner for healthcare organizations such Geisinger, CVS, and Walgreens. Our online programs are flexible enough for you to finish them at a pace ... Interior Design Degree Curriculum. 4 Semesters. 67 credits. Estimated completion time per semester: Fast track = 7 months. Average time = 12 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Some learners will be more comfortable moving faster, and dedicating more time, and the fast track estimate will apply to them ... Penn Foster Programs. Penn Foster’s Accredited Programs. Degrees, Career Diplomas, & High School Diplomas. Having the right skills is vitally important in today’s competitive … Early Childhood Education Degree Online Curriculum. 4 semesters. 4 field experience options. 63 credits. Estimated completion time per semester: Fast track = 5 months. Average time = 11 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Sterile Processing Technician. This course is meant to teach you how to navigate your Penn Foster program. You'll also learn about the structure and features of your program and some resources and study tips to help you succeed in your studies. This course will give your learners an overview of the allied health field.Looking to take, or retake a high school course? Penn Foster High School offers affordable, accredited high school courses you can take online. Penn Foster High School is regionally accredited by the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, and nationally accredited through the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) and Cognia, the world leader in providing improvement and accreditation services to education providers of all ... Penn Foster Career School is accredited for non-degree granting postsecondary programs by the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA. 215-662-5603 www.msa-cess.org. Penn Foster High School is regionally accredited for grades 9 through adult by the … The average salary for medical billing and coding professionals is $47,180. Salary can vary based on several factors, including your experience, education, employer, and credentials. The lowest 10% of medical coders earned about $31,710 in 2022, while the highest 10% earned around $75,460.*. Penn Foster High School is regionally and nationally accredited. The High School Diploma + English Language Training starts with a language assessment and personalized English lessons provided by EnGen so you can be successful in your high school level coursework. Transfer eligible credits from your previous high school, even if your transcript ... Gunsmith. AVG SALARY*. $43,010/yr. NUMBER OF JOBS*. 172,697. Our online Gunsmith Career Diploma program is designed by experts in the industry to help students prepare for a job in the field. You'll learn how to become a gunsmith, as well as learn skills essential to success in the role such as gun safety. State Licensing Requirements. Log into the Penn Foster Student Area now. If you're a first time user, you'll have to create a username and password using your Student ID Number.Learn more about our commitment to serving students with visual, auditory or manual dexterity disabilities. Penn Foster provides nationally accredited, online education & …Penn Foster Career School is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools, the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) and is licensed by the Pennsylvania State Board of Private Licensed Schools. Transfer Credits Penn Foster gives financial and academic credit for High School …Looking to invest in real estate? Here are the best real estate investing platforms for non accredited investors that anyone can invest with. Home Investing Real Estate Despite b...Looking to invest in real estate? Here are the best real estate investing platforms for non accredited investors that anyone can invest with. Home Investing Real Estate Despite b...Programs. All Programs. Find the right online course for you. Prepare for a new career, learn new skills to advance in your current job, or further your education to meet your …Sep 27, 2022 · Since Penn Foster is legitimate – it's regionally and nationally accredited, and licensed – you shouldn’t have any issues when you use your diploma on your job applications! Take Penn Foster High School graduate, Dylan Benavidez, for example. Dylan, who is from a rural community, wanted to be able to finish high school at an accelerated ... Penn Foster, Ashworth College, James Madison High School, and ICS Canada are accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC). The DEAC is …It’s easy and inexpensive. Our website has many if not most of the answers you might need, but for further information and a personal touch, call us at 1-888-427-1600. All of us at Penn Foster look forward to helping you get the career training you need to get ahead in life.Call 1-800-471-3232 (9AM - 9PM ET) ¹ Price is subject to change. ² The first payment match program applies to the monthly auto and mail pay options and varies by program. A Bachelor's Degree in Business Management from Penn Foster is affordable for all at an average cost of $79 per credit. Earn a low-cost Business Degree online.Pennsylvania is one of the best states for potential business owners to purchase an existing business. Here are our top picks for businesses for sale in The Keystone State. Are you... Pet and Dog Grooming Certificate Tuition. Penn Foster offers customized payment plans to help you take the first steps toward a career as a pet and dog groomer. Simply choose from one of our low-cost options below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $100 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program. $699. It’s easy and inexpensive. Our website has many if not most of the answers you might need, but for further information and a personal touch, call us at 1-888-427-1600. All of us at Penn Foster look forward to helping you get the career training you need to get ahead in life.May 4, 2015 ... That's because, the counselor said, Penn Foster was not regionally accredited -- despite Penn Foster's claims on its website that the school ...Dental Assistant Program Online Curriculum. 10 courses. 27.4 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) 16 exams. Estimated completion time: Fast track = 3 months. Average time = 7 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Some learners will be more comfortable moving faster, and dedicating more time, and the fast ...Call 1-800-471-3232 (9AM - 9PM ET) The Graphic Designer School online from Penn Foster covers color theory, typography, multimedia design, & more. View all curriculum information here.. About Online Education. You may be juggling a demanding job, or have multiple family responsibilities. That’s why we’re here to set expectations and give you the help you need every step of the way. To get a sense of what it takes to get going with your education, check out the steps below. Step 1: Choose the online program that’s right ... Paralegal Online Program Curriculum. 4 semesters. 69 Credits. Estimated completion time per semester: Fast track = 5 months. Average time = 11 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Some learners will be more comfortable moving faster, and dedicating more time, and the fast track estimate will apply to them ...Contact Penn Foster High School. Need Help? If you are not a student and have a question, you can call: 1-888-427-6200 or email an Admissions Specialist. Fax: 1-570-961-4030. Address: Penn Foster High School. Student Services Center, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, PA 18515 USA.6 days ago · Take the first steps toward learning new skills or advancing in your current career with our online Human Resources Management Essentials Certificate. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $210 Ends 3/12/2024. Cost of Program. Call 1-800-275-4410 (10AM - 6:30PM ET) Request Info Enroll Now. *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. Request to have your official Penn Foster academic transcript sent to you by using this request form. Get …Online Construction Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online Construction Trades Career Diploma Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024.Accreditation & Affiliations; Academics; Military Benefits; Our Faculty; Student Life Blog; Frequently Asked Questions; For Organizations; All Programs; 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) ... The program goal for Penn Foster’s Locksmith & Home Security Technician Program is to prepare students for an entry-level career as a locksmith and/or home ...Medical Terminology Course Curriculum. 2 courses. 16.3 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) 10 exams. Estimated completion time: Fast track = 1 month. Average time = 3 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Some learners will be more comfortable moving faster, and dedicating more time, and the fast …With Penn Foster's online Pharmacy Technician Diploma, you'll learn essential skills around your schedule and gain hands-on experience through a required externship. Fully accredited through ASHP/ACPE. ASHP/ACPE-accredited pharmacy technician training is now required or strongly encouraged by several state Boards of Pharmacy.Penn Foster’s Sterile Processing Technician Career Diploma can help prepare you for the first step in your healthcare career. This program has helped recent graduates find new jobs while learning at their own pace. Learn more about Penn Foster graduates' experiences and how Penn Foster worked for them. View Student Success Stories.Drafting with AutoCAD® Curriculum. 8 courses. 39.7 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) 30 exams. 7 submitted projects. Estimated completion time: Fast track = 7 months. Average time = 11 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. In Penn Foster's online Locksmith and Home Security Tech Training Program, you'll learn the skills and knowledge essential to prepare for an entry-level job through interactive animations, simulations, and videos. The program is self-paced, meaning you can learn on your own schedule from home. Your online courses include: Bookkeeping Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online Bookkeeping Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program. $799. $989 Save $190. Best price.Penn Foster College has been nationally accredited for over 40 years, and has met the high standards of integrity and performance set by the Distance Education ...Business Management Certificate Tuition. Take the first steps toward advancing in your career or earning college credits with our Business Management Certificate. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $300 Ends 3/26/2024.For any number of reasons, parents sometimes can't take care of their children, either temporarily or permanently. What happens then? Learn all about foster care. Advertisement We ...Medical Assistant Diploma Tuition. Penn Foster's Medical Assistant Career Diploma online program tuition is meant to be affordable for any budget. Choose a customized payment plan that fits your needs and take the next steps toward a career you want today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $500 Ends 3/26/2024.6 days ago · Take the first steps toward learning new skills or advancing in your current career with our online Human Resources Management Essentials Certificate. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $210 Ends 3/12/2024. Cost of Program. We're here to help. Call 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) *Start for $20 offer applies to select programs. View the affordable tuition and payment options at Penn Foster, including 0% interest and special offers, for all degrees, career diplomas, certificates.Philadelphia, PA is located in Philadelphia county. The county was founded in 1682 by William Penn, and it is one of the three original counties of Pennsylvania, along with Bucks C...Through Penn Foster's flexible Motorcycle Repair Training, you can build fundamental mechanical skills on your schedule. Students learn about clutches, ignitions, brakes, wheel assemblies, tires, electrical …Do you want to earn your high school diploma online, at your own pace, and with flexible schedules? Penn Foster High School offers a nationally and regionally accredited program that allows you to choose from over 100 elective courses, transfer credits from other schools, and prepare for college or career. Enroll today and join over 40,000 students who have …A small Pennsylvania business is being forced to pay back part of the PPP loan it received from PNC Bank after it was forgiven. A report by WPIX-TV has revealed a small Pennsylvani...Answers to the questions on Penn Foster exams are not available online. This is to prevent students from cheating. Penn Foster provides a list of test-taking tips at PennFoster.edu...May 4, 2015 ... That's because, the counselor said, Penn Foster was not regionally accredited -- despite Penn Foster's claims on its website that the school ...Do you want to earn your high school diploma online, at your own pace, and with flexible schedules? Penn Foster High School offers a nationally and regionally accredited program that allows you to choose from over 100 elective courses, transfer credits from other schools, and prepare for college or career. Enroll today and join over 40,000 students who have …Contact Penn Foster High School. Need Help? If you are not a student and have a question, you can call: 1-888-427-6200 or email an Admissions Specialist. Fax: 1-570-961-4030. Address: Penn Foster High School. Student Services Center, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, PA 18515 USA.Better Business Bureau offers accreditation to businesses meeting its standards. Read how to become BBB accredited, with unbiased answers to your questions. * Required Field Your N... Online Dental Assistant Program Tuition. Take the first steps towards a career helping others with our Dental Assistant Program. Penn Foster offers customized payment plans, so simply choose from one of our options below to get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program. Penn Foster Programs. Penn Foster’s Accredited Programs. Degrees, Career Diplomas, & High School Diplomas. Having the right skills is vitally important in today’s competitive …It’s easy and inexpensive. Our website has many if not most of the answers you might need, but for further information and a personal touch, call us at 1-888-427-1600. All of us at Penn Foster look forward to helping you get the career training you need to get ahead in life.Through Penn Foster's Medical Billing and Coding Training, you can prepare to become a professional medical biller and coder in Pennsylvania and gain the skills ...Penn Foster's online, AVMA-CVTEA accredited Vet Tech Program can help prepare you for a career working in veterinary medicine. Associate Degree 9 months As low as $69/mo. Updated. Pet Grooming. Train to work in a veterinary clinic or pet store, or learn how to properly care for your own animal. Certificate 2 months As low as $50/mo.Accreditation & Affiliations; Academics; Military Benefits; Our Faculty; Student Life Blog; Frequently Asked Questions; For Organizations; All Programs; 1-800-275-4410 (9AM - 9PM ET) ... With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Some learners will be more comfortable moving faster, and dedicating more time, and the ...Computer Information Systems Associate Degree Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our Computer Information Systems Associate Degree Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay semester in full. Save up to $400 Ends 3/26/2024.If you are looking for a career in healthcare where you can help others, prepare for an in-demand role as a certified medical assistant with Penn Foster's ...See why Lower Merion, Pennsylvania is one of the best places to live in the U.S. County: MontgomeryNearest big city: Philadelphia Located along the Pennsylvania Railroad’s old Main...AVG SALARY*. $46,970/yr. NUMBER OF JOBS*. 782,200. Penn Foster's online Auto Mechanic classes are designed to prepare students for career readiness. You can train to become a mechanic online and gain the knowledge and skills necessary to work in settings like repair shops, car dealerships, or even in your own garage.Aug 14, 2020 ... Penn Foster High School is regionally accredited through the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and ...We reviewed Accredited Debt Relief, including its pros and cons, pricing, offerings, customer experience and satisfaction, and accessibility. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to recei...Interior Decorating Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online Interior Decorator Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $200 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program.Wedding Planning Program Tuition. Take the first steps toward a new career with our online ABC ® Certified Wedding Planning Program. Simply choose from one of our low-cost customized payment plans below and get started today! Option 1: Pay in full. Save up to $190 Ends 3/26/2024. Cost of Program. $899.Browse the healthcare training programs offered by Penn Foster, from a medical assistant career diploma to an online healthcare management associate degree. ... Prepare to become a certified pharmacy technician in as little as 8-12 months with Penn Foster’s ASHP-accredited online training program. Career Diploma 13 months As low as $59/mo ...The Insider Trading Activity of Lindsay Casey Penn on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksPenn Foster is a for-profit college. pennfoster.edu/college. 14300 N NORTHSIGHT BLVD STE 125. SCOTTSDALE, AZ 85260. Work Here? Claim Your …The Penn Foster Home Health Aide diploma program aligns to and exceeds the minimum federal standard for home health aide training: 75 hours of classroom instruction, including 16 hours of supervised practicum. The Penn Foster program consists of 200 hours of online and self-study training, 40 hours of a required supervised …Penn Foster's online apprenticeship programs can be configured to meet the unique needs of your organization as well as regional or state licensure requirements. Includes wraparound learner support and access to instructors and coaches, ensuring your workers successfully progress through the training and excel on-the-job.Drafting with AutoCAD® Curriculum. 8 courses. 39.7 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) 30 exams. 7 submitted projects. Estimated completion time: Fast track = 7 months. Average time = 11 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you.AVG SALARY*. $47,500/yr. NUMBER OF JOBS*. 29,370. Penn Foster's online Appliance Repair Training is designed with job-readiness in mind. Learn the skills you need while preparing to get started on your career path as a professional appliance repair person, or to advance your current career. State Licensing Requirements.If you are wondering whether you can get a home loan in Pennsylvania, you have several options. First, you may qualify for a conventional loan from a bank if you have good credit, ... Gunsmith. AVG SALARY*. $43,010/yr. NUMBER OF JOBS*. 172,697. Our online Gunsmith Career Diploma program is designed by experts in the industry to help students prepare for a job in the field. You'll learn how to become a gunsmith, as well as learn skills essential to success in the role such as gun safety. State Licensing Requirements. Penn Foster is licensed by the Pennsylvania State Board of Private Licensed Schools and accredited by the Distance Education and Training Council in Washington, DC (202-234-5100) (www.detc.org). ...Learn more about the courses offered by Penn Foster’s partner school, James Madison High School, by calling 1-800-961-6407. Can my student enroll in college after graduating from Penn Foster High School? Penn Foster High School is an accredited program that allows students to earn a recognized high school diploma.Online Human Resources Certificate Curriculum. 5 courses. 57.8 continuing education units (CEUs) 21 exams. 2 submitted projects. Estimated completion time: Fast track = 8 months. Average time = 12 months. With Penn Foster, you can learn at whatever pace works best for you. Penn Foster High School is regionally accredited by the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, and nationally accredited through the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) and Cognia, the world leader in providing improvement and accreditation services to education providers of all ... ---1